Black holes| A short documentary on black holes
Introduction to black holes
A black hole is a region in a space where the gravitational effect is so strong that matter and light cannot escape from it.
How black holes form?
Basically, a black hole can be formed from a dead star, or by the collision of two neutron star, sometimes big black holes eat small black and a bigger black hole is formed.
now the question arises in our mind, what is the process of its formation. As we know there is a constant nuclear fusion in a star. hydrogen reacts to form helium, helium reacts to form carbon and so on, in the last or the core of a star is formed by iron. all these reactions are irreversible, so a star have a limited nuclear fuel and so a limited life. The nuclear force tries to expand the star whereas the gravitational force tries to shrink the star, until these forces exist, a star is stable but by convertsthe time when all the hydrogen and helium are converted into iron, there is no more nuclear fusion in the star, the gravitational force starts dominating.
This increases pressure within the star and due to this pressure, the star bursts out emitting a tremendous light which is much more than what is done by millions of stars together. What is left behind is a neutron star whose tea spoon mass is greater than a mountain, finally, it also collapses and convert into a black hole
How scientists discovers a black hole in space?
Now another question arises in our mind is the black hole is dark or completely black then how scientists can see it and also predict their distance from the Earth?.
So, when a black holes engulf a lot amount of matter from its surroundings. it then emits a high frequency of gamma radiation which can be detected.
Another method for detecting a black hole is done with the help of event horizon. The event horizon is a circular disc around a black hole if any matter crosses it, then there is no chance that matter can escape from the black hole. This event horizon is formed by the dust, gases, and the debris of stars which are engulfed by the black hole. They all constantly move around the black hole, and when their temperature reach a million billion billion billion degrees, they start emitting x-rays which is detected by the event horizon telescope from the Earth.
Characteristics and properties of black holes
Another thing is the event horizon, it is the point from where nothing can return not even the light. Once any object or light crosses it, it has to be lost forever. The greater the mass of the black hole, the greater the size of an event horizon.
Singularity is the center of a black hole. when something enters in black hole, that thing lost its existence in this singularity. It is very difficult to study and also to observe directly because it is hidden by the event horizon.
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